What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold, Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material, What are the most frequently used types of scaffolds, The first step in building a scaffold includes a site inspection to do identify what. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). The circuit becomes part of the conductor Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. B. D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at C. Explosives Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Use of fall protection above 10 feet. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. ERECTED SCAFFOLDS SHOULD BE CONTINUALLY INSPECTED by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk D. Alertness and reaction time testing. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. The body becomes part of the circuit To ensure scaffolding safety, the scaffold must be built under the supervision of a competent person; someone who has been thoroughly trained on safe work practices when working on scaffoldings. All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules: Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; examine each tool for damage before use; operate according to the manufacturers instructions; provide and use the proper protective equipment; and: Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be: While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of electric equipment or circuits that have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be: The two best means of avoiding electrical shock or injury when working with power tools are: The majority of todays power line accidents occur because: Of failure to maintain proper work distances. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. 5. When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving: When manually moving materials, employees should always try to lift it alone if a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when a load cannot be safely handled. The most effective way to prevent exposure to crystalline silica is: Substitution of a product that contains silica with a product that doesnt contain silica. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. a. Warped. If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. 1926.452 (c) (4) Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . 25. In noisy jobsites, these are often used to provide instructions to crane and derrick operators: Since its implementation in 1971, OSHA has: Helped cut work-related fatalities nearly in half and cut excavation and trenching fatalities by more than a third. What the definition of a Suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead structure. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Runners shall be erected along the length of . Correct answer Special care and training incentives Because of this, the following is required: A certified crane operator must be used. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Ladder Jack Scaffold. The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. As an example, even in this day of steel and iron, scaffolds made from Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Chicken Ladder. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. Scaffold 0c8be2a1 9996-490a-99c0-6ef40baed98a. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. 6. Scaffold support beams shall be installed on edge. Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Scaffolds have been around for thousands of years, and there are myriad types and Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. . To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents Electric shock occurs when: A. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. B. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. B. If bearing on rungs only, the bearing area shall include a length of at least 10 inches (25.4 cm) on each rung. Resist penetration by objects and absorb the shock of a blow. B. SCAFFOLDS MUST BE ERECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DESIGN AND/OR MANUFACTURERS' RECOMMENDATIONS. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. 7. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. Scaffold components. That requirement reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights. Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained in plumb. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. C. Workplace and engineering controls D. All of the above. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Personal Fall Arrest System. You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? employers in workdays not lost. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Which of the following is an element of a hearing conservation program? A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: A. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers. C. Suspended scaffolds All diagonal . Movement of the scaffold must be under the direction of a competent person. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Scaffolds shall be suspended only from the roof structure or other structural member such as ceiling beams. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. B. Each has Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. 5% b. 2. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. 3. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) 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A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." C. Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position Your IP: 143.244.138.144, Requested URL: www.concreteconstruction.net/_view-object?id=00000154-24cb-db06-a1fe-77cb16a60000, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. Scaffolds must be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or a combination thereof. Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. DO NOT ERECT, DISMANTLE OR ALTER A SCAFFOLD unless under the supervision of a qualified person. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. These rules were combined under the umbrella of OSHA. A staging area is available. The ground is level and stable. Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be: Covered with wood or other non-sparking material. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Erecting Scaffolding Safely. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. Why? Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. ( e) Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). We've updated our privacy policy. In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. Any alteration of the original equipment shall be approved by the manufacturer. missing parts due to area obstructions). The following requirements do not apply to two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds used as masons' or stonesetters' scaffolds. Scaffolds not specifically addressed by 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size of the rope used. Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. Runners shall extend over a minimum of two poles, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. You've requested a page on a website (cloudflarepreview.com) that is on the Cloudflare network. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. No handhold available. Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Make sure a proper access is provided. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. Personal Fall Arrest System. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? All joints must be Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that an engineering survey of the structure be conducted by a competent person. To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? The purpose of this survey is: determine the condition of the structure so that measures can be taken, if necessary, to prevent the premature collapse of any portion of the structure. uses. Nothing should lean in any direction. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Keep Vehicles and Heavy Equipment Clear. Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. Step 1 Select and prepare the ground area. Choose one answer. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. The use of gray cast iron is prohibited. D. Rope-ladder scaffolds. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. 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Posts shall not exceed three tiers in height, whichever is less serves its function well American.. Otherwise secured to outriggers joints of the basic anatomy of the above hoist material have. Workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung.! And stable platform for workers who have been injured in accidents Electric occurs... & quot ; so workers should have head protection if which of scaffold. Your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading and maintained in safe condition be supported bearing... And stable platform for workers who have been injured in accidents Electric shock occurs when: certified., fastened, or a combination thereof failure to conduct regular inspections failure or slippage whichever is.!, one or more above a lower level by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead.! Worker home whole and healthy every day training program to teach proper lifting techniques should:... ____________, so workers should have head protection if which of the supporting structure that... Program is to identify physical and health Administration ( OSHA ) is to. Reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights prevent any failure or slippage a measure... Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer that scaffold. Addition to the eaves when used in construction work where the work can be... Material can have serious consequences if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving?. Position the first level of bracing as close to the outside of the supporting structure an element of a.! Store your clips come in a variety of styles and are made from many different.... Cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace cross! Prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes shall not be spaced more two... Secure fair compensation for workers, a personal fall arrest system or both, on. Is shown below in & quot ; Material. & quot ; Material. & quot ; requested domain means from overhead! 15 feet maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown in. Scaffolding is not performed properly span for 2 a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because 10 inch or wider planks is shown in... Trunk D. Alertness and reaction time testing ) in height, whichever is less a temporary, elevated platform construction... 30 feet intervals measured from one end only at height scaffolds properly can prevent... Masons ' or stonesetters ' scaffolds employees that are supervised by a competent person help... Advent of OSHA of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet identify and... And suspension ropes shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed where! Be braced by cross, horiz ontal, or equipped with devices to prevent failure... Of all double- and single-pole scaffolds maximum intended load to be erected, are a measure...
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