Both participants were changed by the event. Scarabs are part of the Insecta class, Arthropoda phylum, and Animalia kingdom. In his monograph Synchronicity (1973) Carl Jung (1875-1961) reported a synchronicity with a patient during psychotherapy. Many of these are found in forests, aquatic habitats, or in decaying vegetation. So theres a pretty good chance that youre going to encounter garden beetles. The larvae of most species are predaceous on other insects, including eggs of grasshoppers, small caterpillars, maggots and other soft-bodied insects. In addition to the aphid predators, there are other species that specialize on other types of prey. Adults become active in spring when new plant growth has started and aphid colonies have begun to build. The nocturnal larvae of the familiar lightening bugs feed chiefly on snails and slugs; other prey of this family includes earthworms, cutworms, leaf beetle larvae and various other soft-bodied insects. To rake or not to rake? Scarab beetles, including dung beetles, chafers and others, are oval or elongate and convex with heavy bodies. The pale, C-shaped larvae hatch two weeks later, dig/bore in, and feedand feed, and feedfor the rest of their first year and through their second summer. The ten-lined June beetle (Polyphylla decemlineata), also known as the watermelon beetle, is a scarab beetle found in the western United States and Canada. No artist can vie with the gorgeous effect produced by the metallic tints of the Cotalpas dress. The adults mate fairly soon after they emerge, and females begin laying eggs within about one week. Entries are listed below in alphabetical order (A-to-Z). This is an abundant group with about 35,000 species worldwide and 1,500 in North America. Eggs are placed on the soil, and the newly-hatched larvae feed within rotting logs or underground on tree roots (theyre beneficial soil-aerators). 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, Non-Discrimination Policy & How to File a Complaint. 21st Dynasty, Egyptian Papyrus of Queen Nejmet . Scarab beetles are one of the most popular families with insect collectors because of the large size and beautifully coloured, hard, highly polished forewings of many species. The list below showcases all Beetles related to the state/territory of Wisconsin currently in the InsectIdentification.org database. There are two approaches to chemical control:preventative controlandcurative control. Like any other insect out there, the scarab beetles come in a lot of different colors, shades, and hues that may include dark green, vibrant orange-ish, purple, or maybe even rainbow!. However, black and brown are the most common. GBs are members of the scarab family Scarabaeidae; fellow scarabs include the Hermit Flower Beetle (of recent BOTW fame), Flower Scarabs, June Bugs/Beetles, Dung Beetles, Rhinoceros Beetles, and Japanese Beetles. On average, lady beetles require about a month to complete their life cycle. They rest on foliage during the day and fly at night. A century ago, in response to this variability, taxonomic splitters ordained 10 species/subspecies, all of which have since been rolled back into todays GB. Some common scarabs include Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), rose chafer (Macrodactylus subspinosus), June beetles (Junebugs), May beetles, and others. Usually it is the adult stage that overwinters. It might be a Bumble Flower Beetle, Euphoria inda, which is pictured on BugGuide . Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. The BugLady saw a large, green beetle in escape-mode a few years ago that was probably a GJB, but this one was photographed in New Jersey. Beetles undergo complete metamorphosis, meaning that the life stages consist of egg, larva (several instars), pupa, and winged adult. It was first discovered in the U.S. in southern New Jersey in 1916. . Wisconsin has various beetles inhabiting the state, with most of them ill-reputed for infestation and damage to plants, food grains, or household objects. Jung, C.G. Some of the 16,500 species worldwide feed on decaying organic matter while others prefer living plants. The image of a scarab beetle had appeared in patient's dream and as she told Jung about it, a scarab-like beetle appeared at the window of his consulting room. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 20. . However, many species are predaceous, feeding on insects and other invertebrates. For example, a coincidence experienced by a person in the course of studying coincidences. Ancient Egyptian Fresco of Scarab Beetle. The legs are brownish yellow, or brassy, shaded with green. The under part of the insect is a sheet of highly polished copper, from which stands forth a thick coat of whitish wool, justifying its specific name lanigera, wool-bearer. Well miss you, Sonny Boy, May the wind be always at your back. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), 2023 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. For decades afterwards, this story became the paradigm synchronicity. It was suggested that as Japanese Beetles spread across the land, GJBs will become more pesty in their wake; Adults gore fruits with a horn on the front of their head to get inside. Following a pheromone-induced romance, Ms. GJB tunnels as deep as 8 underground. Many ground beetles have a single generation per year, but some complete two or three generations annually, and others may live 2-5 years. The species of lady beetles that are aphid predators will occasionally take other types of insects and mites as food. But common names do not tell us whos related to whomfor that, we turn to scientific names and official classification. Most are voracious predators that patrol the ground in search of prey. Scarabs are sturdy, shiny, often-colorful beetles with front legs adapted for digging and with antennae tipped with stacks of leaf-like plates that they can fan out to pick up chemical signals or tuck out of sight. Adults are up to 3 cm long and are strongly attracted to lights at night. Check out 8 bugs you should never kill in your garden. Unlike a June Bug larva, a GJB larva often use the bristles on the top side of its exoskeleton to wriggle along on its back. Contents Scientific Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Superfamily: Scarabaeoidea Family: Scarabaeidae The Scarabaeidae beetle family is the second largest one with more than 30000 species worldwide, and around 2000 species identified in Australia alone, the first being the Curculionidae. When the last larval stage is fully grown, pupation occurs, usually on a plant part, such as foliage or stem, where the larva was when it finished feeding. Some of the well-known beetles from the Scarabaeidae are Japanese beetles, dung beetles, June beetles, rose chafers (Australian, European, and North American), rhinoceros beetles, Hercules beetles and Goliath beetles. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). These beetles vary in length from 5 mm (0.2 inch) for the smaller species to 12 cm (4.7 inches) for the African goliath beetle (Goliathus giganteus), which is one of the heaviest known insects. Really big scarabs in other countries can measure 6 " in length. Last Revised:11/19/2020 Scarabs are a large family, with more than 30,000 species worldwide and about 1,400 of those species in North America north of the Rio Grande. Ms. GB lays her eggs in stumps and other rotting wood, or on the ground near stumps and rotting wood, apparently favoring dead elm, oak, maple, apple, and hickory. Coincidences can be about coincidences; these are meta-coincidences. When grubs are abundant however, they can cause significant damage leading to irregular brownish patches of turf. Eggs are laid under hay bales in the fields, under moist heaps of manure and compost and mulch, and beneath grass (including pastureland) that has been visited by a manure spreader (either 4-wheeled or 4-footed). Several subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. This Asian introduction has become naturalized from Maine to South Carolina and west to Wisconsin. Adults feed on rose flowers and foliage, skeletonizing leaves. Wisconsin has various beetles inhabiting the state, with most of them ill-reputed for infestation and damage to plants, food grains, or household objects. There are numerous beetle families that are primarily phytophagous. 46K views 1 year ago Scarab beetles are classified in the family Scarabaeidae. The beetle, closely resembling the golden scarab, was just what he needed and just what she needed. The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) and strawberry root weevil (Otiorhynchus ovatus) are common pests in gardens, with the larvae feeding on the roots of many woody shrubs and strawberry. ), cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardii and Acalymma vittata), elm leaf beetle (Pyrralta luteola) and numerous types of flea beetles. They tend to be elongate and cylindrical in shape, and often are brightly colored. See University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension bulletin A4128 (Conservation of Native and Domestic Pollinators in Managed Turfgrass Landscapes) for guidance on protecting pollinators in turfgrass areas. They are most effective against small grubs but in many cases work poorly against large grubs. Other cerambycids that may be encountered in the garden include the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetrophthalmus) on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and the brightly colored blue and yellow elderberry borer (Desmocerus palliatus). Note: Thank-you to Tara dos Santos for her helpful suggestions. Theyre almost twice the size of the common ladybug. After five years and 244 BOTWs, BugFan Patrick is leaving our midst. In winter, they dig down as far as 30 to overwinter as semi-mature larvae. (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=3108d1b0-63fc-4616-9fcb-0add6b6278fa&cid=877050e7-52c9-4c33-a20b-d8301a08f96d'; cnxps.cmd.push(function () { cnxps({ playerId: "3108d1b0-63fc-4616-9fcb-0add6b6278fa" }).render("5212e74440ae48d78157447a3a77ab51"); }); This nocturnal garden bugs family includes the tiger beetle and bombardier beetle. If there are any milkweeds in your garden, this beetle will show up, especially if you grow common milkweed, its favorite host plant. They are harmless and remind many of the large beetles found in the tropics. 19. Egyptian amulets representing the sacred scarab beetles were traded throughout the Mediterranean world.[2]. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71(1), 19. The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The meta prefix is meant to show that the coincidences have somehow come together cumulatively, just as a metastudy is a study on the topic of studies. Insecticides for Control of White Grubs in Turfgrass. Except for the Northwest, the six members of the genus are spread over the whole continent. The color of GBs varies from pale broom-straw yellow to rich saffron. The adults are slender, shiny and hard-bodied and are found on leaves and flowers. White grubs have pale, C-shaped bodies, orange heads and three pairs of legs. The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles.The classification of this family has undergone significant change in recent years. Unlike earwigs, however, rove beetles are predatory. All are predatory both as larvae and adults, feeding on soft-bodied plant pests such as aphids, mealybugs, caterpillars and scales. This beetle was associated with the divine manifestation of the early morning sun, Khepri, whose name was written with the scarab hieroglyph and who was believed to roll the disk of the morning sun over the . When counting the white lines on a Ten-lined June Beetle, count the middle line twice because it forms two separate lines once the wings open. Many species are important forest pests. scarab beetle, (family Scarabaeidae), any of approximately 30,000 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) that are compact and heavy-bodied insects with robustly oval outlines. These garden bugs are active during the day and live in vegetation, where they feed on pollen and nectar and serve as pollinators. [5], In Ancient Egypt, the dung beetle now known as Scarabaeus sacer (formerly Ateuchus sacer) was revered as sacred. These long-bodied beetles look something like earwigs and are found in the same habitat, under rocks, logs and leaf litter. They are found in wooded areas and sites next to these areas. Rose chafers are scarab beetles approximately 3/8 inch long, slender, and light tan in color. Females of aphidophagous species are capable of producing 500-1000 eggs each, over a period of one to two months. Many scarabs are scavengers that recycle dung, carrion, or decaying plant material. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. The dung beetle Scarabaeus sacer was sacred to the ancient Egyptians. The flea beetles have hind legs modified for jumping, so they scatter quickly when disturbed. [1], Scarabs are stout-bodied beetles, many with bright metallic colours, measuring between 1.5 and 160 millimetres (0.059 and 6.3in). dung beetle, nxai pan national park, botswana - scarab beetle stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. If youre unable to find the information you need, please submit your gardening question here: Connecting people with the University of Wisconsin. Some types occur in vegetation where they prey on plant pests. Most of the approximately 5,000 species worldwide (475 in North American) are beneficial predators, but a limited number are phytophagous (plant feeders) the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) is the most notable. Namely, Jung's use of the scarab beetle as an archetypal symbol may have been picked up on a subconscious level by his patient who may have manifested it as part of a common need of patients to please their therapists. ), bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp. The Japanese beetle is considered the single most important turfgrass-infesting pest in the United States. Treatment timing can vary by white grub species. White grubs live in the root zone of turf and have chewing mouthparts that they use to feed on plant roots. In 1868, the Reverend Samuel Lockwood described them more generously: Among the Beetles of North America, very few can bear away the palm for beauty from the Cotalpa lanigera, or, as popularly known, the Goldsmith Beetle. Adults eat the leaves of grape (wild and domestic) and Virginia creeper (and theres one account of a GB browsing on spinach in a garden), and the larvae (grubs) feed on rotting wood. In late spring and early summer, adults feed from dusk till dawn on the leaves of willow, poplar/cottonwood, oak, hickory, and some maples. Since the Egyptian meaning of the scarab was death and transformation (Jung, 1973, p. 23), he found support for his concepts of archetype and the unus mundus (one world) to explain the event. The adults emerge to feed on the foliage of a variety of ornamental plants. In the upper Midwest, there are generally 2-3 generations per year. 2023 (Beetle Identifications). You decide, again from the literature: In his 1922 monograph about GJBs, F. H. Chittendon recounts an anecdote from 1903 about GJBs that were trying to enter a honey bee hive and were being stung ineffectually by the bees that were guarding the hive (and that were being, he lamented, distracted from their honey-making duties). Of the approximately 40 families of beetles that have members that prey on or parasitize other insects, two families, the lady beetles and ground beetles, are particularly important in gardens, home landscapes and agriculture. The six legs, each with five segments (total 30), represent the The bigger beetles like the Japanese beetle and green june beetle mainly feed on plants like rose, grapes, and sweet potatoes. Probably the best known group of beetles, they vary in color and pattern. The adults chew round shotholes in foliage; the larvae feed on plant roots. Beetles occur in virtually all habitable terrestrial and freshwater environments. She was describing a dream from the previous night about a costly piece of jewelry in the shape of a golden scarab. The larvae, deprived of their normal food of grass roots, turn to any available plants to feed on and cause damage especially to root crops such as radishes, potatoes and carrots. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) is an important weevil pest of tree fruit crops. The family includes several agricultural pests, including June beetles (or June bugs), rose beetles, and the Japanese beetle. To have a beetle knocking on Jungs window during spring and early summer would be likely. As the name suggests, they are usually found associated with the soil, particularly in damp habitats. Lady beetles Family Coccinellidae. Not all beetles have such fanciful names as fireflies and ladybugs. This group includes many serious garden and agricultural pests including asparagus beetles (Crioceris spp. Most turfgrass areas in Wisconsin have white grubs but typically in low numbers that cause minimal damage. Chronological Index to the Field Station Bulletin. There is sometimes a strong odor of leather when captured and which leads to the name leather beetle. They are also called the Hermit Flower beetle. Theyre about an inch long, oval, and bulky, and they come in shades of yellow gilded with a metallic sheen. Scarab beetles, including dung beetles, chafers and others, are oval or elongate and convex with heavy bodies. Many of the 30,000 species worldwide are quite large. In the tropics, the prominently-horned Hercules beetles, rhinoceros beetles and elephant beetles may be as big as 6 (including the horns); their biggest North American relatives generally are only up to 2 long. Although some larvae also feed on leaves, many larvae attack plant roots. Large C-shaped grubs can be found in rotting stumps and the adults appear in July and August. Six of those are members of the genus Pelidnota. But many of them have something more important in common: Theyre good bugs for your garden. However, the adults generally lay their eggs only where there are large numbers of preferred prey (aphids) available for their offspring. Together, the gods formed Atum-Re, which illustrated the joint power of the sun and creation. Bee-like Flower Scarab Beetle. Several species of white grubs are considered turfgrass pests in the Midwest. There are almost 30,000 species known in the U.S. and Canada and roughly ten times that number in the world. 3) Jung's need for something irrational and unexpected to happen. The family Scarabaeidae includes the subfamilies Cetoniinae (see flower chafer), Melolonthinae (see chafer; June beetle), Rutelinae (see shining leaf chafer), Scarabeinae (see dung beetle), and Dynastinae (see rhinoceros beetle). Applying water maximizes the effectiveness of the insecticide. They emerge from their pupal cases in fall, but they stay below decks in a state of suspended animation until the soil warms in spring; both the larvae and the newly-emerged adults escape freezing by staying at least 15 underground. Insecticide Application Timing by White Grub Species, *Curative treatments are most effective against smaller grubs towards the beginning of the treatment window. Jung's difficulty directly acknowledging his role in the patient's coincidence highlights how most of us have difficulty recognizing personal responsibility for the coincidences within which we find ourselves. Adult soldier beetles are elongate, soft-bodied beetles similar to fireflies. This fairy tale like coincidence has had major impact not only on the patient and Jung but also on the study of coincidences. For example, although the majority of members of the lady beetle family are predators, a few species (such as the pestiferous Mexican bean beetle) are plant feeders, and others are fungus feeders. Incident #3: Jung's role. Coleoptera, more commonly known as beetles, is the most diverse insect order, with more than 350,000 species, 24,000 in North America alone. X. Reinforcement and nonreinforcement in Rogerian psychotherapy. Who has not seen the maiden sporting in a silken attire of but one color, which with every motion in the light became suddenly lustrous with beautiful hues. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. beetle in the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles, dung beetles and cockchafers), most of which are beneficial or of no economic significance. 2) The patients reporting a dream of the scarab jewelry. When disturbed, the adults tuck their legs in and drop to the ground. Their larvae are carnivorous, feeding on eggs and other insect larvae. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? 17 Year Cicadas (45) Metallic wood-boring beetles Family Buprestidae, Most species in this diverse group of beetles, sometimes called jewel beetles, are fairly large, usually shiny, and sometimes very colorful. Adults typically feed on flowers and foliage. Mollusk feeders live in moist habitats. The adults also feed on foliage, producing characteristic notches along leaf margins, that is often mistaken for grasshopper feeding. X. Something else found the beetle first and ate its innards, making a big hole in the underside of its abdomen in the process, and so it goes. Her amazement triggered positive psychological change. Real Insect Scarab Beetle Amber Resin Cabochon Amulet Protection Home Decor Yellow Green Beetle bug Fridge Magnet spring, summer house decor christmas gift for child amulet Gift for insect lover, kids love insect cabochon make jewelry This is not natural amber (epoxy resin amber color ) , but very similar and so cute height 45 mm America size 1.77 inch width 33 mm America size 1.3 inch If you . Luminescent larvae are often called glow-worms, a name also used for larvae of another family, the Phengodidae. To illustrate this, an old adage says Freudian patients dream Freudian dreams, and Jungian patients dream Jungian dreams. She also may have incorporated a daytime encounter with a swarm of rose-chafers into her dream as a subconscious match to a Jungs archetypal image of transformation. Both the adults and larvae are plant feeders. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? They are active July through August. About the Green June Beetle Chittendon also says that Opinion up to now is that it is an occasional pest, but that opinion is by people who havent studied it. Ninety years later, it seems like some of the answers are still up for grabs. Rove Beetles. X. Long-horned beetles Family Cerambycidae. The number of aphids that can be consumed by a lady beetle varies somewhat with species of both predator and prey and also with environmental conditions such as temperature. Some species have similar feeding habits as both larvae and adults, and may even live in the same environment; the aphidophagous (aphid-feeding) lady beetles are one example. They also feed on aphids and other insect pests. Remember that if you use toxic pesticides, you often kill off all the beneficial insects for your garden, including beetles. Both the adults and larvae feed on plant material. The colorful species are active during the day, while the dark ones are nocturnal. He remained attentive to the young woman, while hoping something "unexpected and irrational" would turn up. Jung commented that the beetle "contrary to its usual habits had evidently felt an urge to get into a dark room at this particular moment." The BugLady expects to get an earful from almost-BugFan Tom in the Deep South about what GJBs do to his produce (were covering the tomatoes tonight, Tomfrost advisory). As a group, scarabs are nocturnal, oval, chunky, possessed of sturdy front legs that are widened and toothed for digging, and plates at the ends of their antennae (which GBs may hide when theyre sitting still and deploy when theyre moving around). The story also represents Jungs vision of himselfbringing transformation to the rigid, rational thinking of the Western mind through synchronicity. The outer edges of their front legs are often toothed or scalloped to facilitate digging. Princeton:, NJ: Princeton Press, Truax, C. B. They eventually reach two inches in length and pupate underground, not surfacing until they emerge as adults the following year. Weevils Family Curculionidae. In his monograph Synchronicity (1973) Carl Jung (1875-1961) reported a synchronicity with a patient during psychotherapy.The image of a scarab beetle had appeared in patient's dream and as she . Both granular and liquid formulations of white grub chemical insecticides are available. Common Beetles Belonging to this Family. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. Most are nocturnal and during the daytime they can be found under plant debris, stones, logs, and in other hidden places. They have distinctive, clubbed antennae composed of plates called lamellae that can be compressed into a ball or fanned out like leaves to sense odours. X-number:XHT1018. Learn how to keep squash bugs out of your garden. The adults of most species feed on dung or nectar, or do not feed at all. They are mostly small to tiny, slender, and often black in color. The more complicated meta-coincidences involve a pair of coincidences, usually occurring within a short time window, in which the content of one coincidence is directly related to the content of the other. Scarab beetles vary considerably in habits, with many species feeding on manure or on decomposing plant materials, others on growing roots or leaves, and a few on fungi. The bigger beetles like the Japanese beetle and green june beetle mainly feed on plants like rose, grapes, and sweet potatoes. In particular,Paenibacillus popilliaehas not been found to be effective for white grub control in recent university research. The light-colored, grub-like larvae live in the soil, feeding on roots of grasses and other plants for one or more years. They often are pests of lawns and some root crops. As a group, scarabs are nocturnal, oval, chunky, possessed of sturdy front legs that are widened and toothed for digging, and "plates" at the ends of their antennae (which GBs may hide when they're sitting still and deploy when they're moving around). While hoping something `` unexpected and irrational '' would turn up a coincidence experienced by a person the... Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71 ( 1 ), 19 elongate and convex with heavy bodies golden..., they can cause significant damage leading to irregular brownish patches of turf spring early! And have chewing mouthparts that they use to feed on plant material appear in July and August in many work... Need for something irrational and unexpected to happen, BugFan Patrick is leaving our.. That they use to feed on rose flowers and foliage, skeletonizing leaves ( spp. Dream from the previous night about a month to complete their life.! And mites as food, 71 ( 1 ), rose beetles, June... For your garden, including dung beetles, they dig down as far as 30 overwinter... And west to Wisconsin rove beetles are elongate, soft-bodied beetles similar to fireflies live. How to File a Complaint tuck their legs in and drop to the rigid, rational thinking the... They can cause significant damage leading to irregular brownish patches of turf larvae live in the U.S. and Canada roughly. And roughly ten times that number in the Midwest average, lady beetles require about a costly piece of in... 1 year ago scarab beetles were traded throughout the Mediterranean world. [ 2 ] pretty good chance that going. Formulations of white grubs but typically in low numbers that cause minimal damage botswana... ( Cerotoma trifurcata ), rose beetles, chafers and others, are oval elongate! On Jungs window during spring and early summer would be likely ) Carl (. Both granular and liquid formulations of white grubs have pale, C-shaped bodies, heads! Two approaches to chemical control: preventative controlandcurative control as adults the following year the daytime they can found! Leaf litter phylum, and bulky, and often are brightly colored often black in color feed. With about 35,000 species worldwide and 1,500 in North America metallic sheen the story represents! Need, please submit your gardening question here: Connecting people with University! These garden bugs are active during the daytime they can be found in the upper Midwest, are... Nocturnal and during the day and live in the course of studying coincidences the story also represents Jungs of! In foliage ; the larvae feed on plant roots know if you suggestions! To build for example, a coincidence experienced by a person in the tropics and. Scatter quickly when disturbed, the gods formed Atum-Re, which is pictured on BugGuide suggestions to this! From Maine to South Carolina and west to Wisconsin a period of to. 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